%PDF-1.6
%
1 0 obj
<>
endobj
2 0 obj
<>stream
Yi-jiao Zhao, Yu-xue Xiong, Yong Wang
Three-Dimensional Accuracy of Facial Scan for Facial Deformities in Clinics: A New Evaluation Method for Facial Scanner Accuracy
www.plosone.org
www.plosone.org
endstream
endobj
3 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 11 0 R/Annots 12 0 R/Contents 13 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
12 0 obj
[14 0 R 15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R 18 0 R 19 0 R 20 0 R 21 0 R 22 0 R 23 0 R 24 0 R 25 0 R 26 0 R 27 0 R 28 0 R 29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R 32 0 R 33 0 R 34 0 R 35 0 R 36 0 R 37 0 R 38 0 R 39 0 R]
endobj
14 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0169402.ref004)>>
endobj
15 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0169402.ref005)>>
endobj
16 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0169402.ref006)>>
endobj
17 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0169402.ref007)>>
endobj
18 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0169402.ref008)>>
endobj
19 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0169402.ref009)>>
endobj
20 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0169402.ref010)>>
endobj
21 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0169402.ref011)>>
endobj
22 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0169402.ref012)>>
endobj
23 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0169402.ref013)>>
endobj
24 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0169402.ref014)>>
endobj
25 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0169402.ref015)>>
endobj
26 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0169402.ref016)>>
endobj
27 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0169402.ref017)>>
endobj
28 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0169402.ref018)>>
endobj
29 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0169402.ref019)>>
endobj
30 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0169402.ref020)>>
endobj
31 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0169402.ref021)>>
endobj
32 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0169402.ref022)>>
endobj
33 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0169402.ref023)>>
endobj
34 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0169402.ref024)>>
endobj
35 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0169402.ref025)>>
endobj
36 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0169402.ref026)>>
endobj
37 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0169402.ref027)>>
endobj
38 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0169402.ref028)>>
endobj
39 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0169402.ref029)>>
endobj
13 0 obj
[40 0 R 41 0 R 42 0 R 43 0 R 44 0 R 45 0 R 46 0 R 47 0 R 48 0 R 49 0 R 50 0 R 51 0 R 52 0 R 53 0 R 54 0 R 55 0 R 56 0 R 57 0 R 58 0 R 59 0 R 60 0 R 61 0 R 62 0 R 63 0 R 64 0 R 65 0 R 66 0 R 67 0 R 68 0 R]
endobj
40 0 obj
<>stream
q
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
490.9606 654.3496 m
495.7228 654.3496 l
h
f*
497.9906 654.3496 m
502.7528 654.3496 l
h
f*
505.0205 654.3496 m
509.7827 654.3496 l
h
f*
511.9937 654.3496 m
516.7559 654.3496 l
h
f*
519.0236 654.3496 m
523.7858 654.3496 l
h
f*
526.0535 654.3496 m
530.8157 654.3496 l
h
f*
533.0268 654.3496 m
542.5512 654.3496 l
h
f*
238.9606 628.3276 m
248.485 628.3276 l
h
f*
250.7528 628.3276 m
260.2205 628.3276 l
h
f*
262.4882 628.3276 m
272.0126 628.3276 l
h
f*
367.3134 563.3008 m
376.8378 563.3008 l
h
f*
379.1055 563.3008 m
388.5732 563.3008 l
h
f*
292.7055 537.3354 m
302.2299 537.3354 l
h
f*
304.4409 537.3354 m
313.9654 537.3354 l
h
f*
400.4787 485.348 m
409.9465 485.348 l
h
f*
504 355.3512 m
513.4677 355.3512 l
h
f*
515.6787 355.3512 m
525.1465 355.3512 l
h
f*
527.3575 355.3512 m
536.7685 355.3512 l
h
f*
539.0362 355.3512 m
548.4472 355.3512 l
h
f*
550.715 355.3512 m
560.126 355.3512 l
h
f*
562.3937 355.3512 m
571.8047 355.3512 l
h
f*
306.3118 342.3118 m
315.7795 342.3118 l
h
f*
317.9906 342.3118 m
327.4583 342.3118 l
h
f*
329.6693 342.3118 m
339.137 342.3118 l
h
f*
341.348 342.3118 m
350.8157 342.3118 l
h
f*
353.0268 342.3118 m
362.4945 342.3118 l
h
f*
0 g
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 211.9748 707.4141 cm
BT
/F6 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(A)Tj
0.907 0 Td
(3D)Tj
1.4287 0 Td
(facial)Tj
2.313 0 Td
(scanner)Tj
3.3336 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(non-contact)Tj
5.108 0 Td
(optical)Tj
2.914 0 Td
(measuring)Tj
4.4334 0 Td
(instrument)Tj
4.6884 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(acquire)Tj
3.1748 0 Td
(3D)Tj
-34.401 -1.3039 Td
(facial)Tj
2.313 0 Td
(models)Tj
3.1011 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(open)Tj
2.2167 0 Td
(data)Tj
1.9162 0 Td
(format)Tj
2.9367 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(real)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(skin)Tj
1.8935 0 Td
(texture)Tj
3.0274 0 Td
(color,)Tj
2.5002 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(scanning)Tj
3.8154 0 Td
(process)Tj
3.1861 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
(is)Tj
-35.7956 -1.2982 Td
(typically)Tj
3.5602 0 Td
(very)Tj
1.9276 0 Td
(short)Tj
2.2847 0 Td
(\(less)Tj
1.9502 0 Td
(than)Tj
2.0296 0 Td
(one)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(second\).)Tj
3.5773 0 Td
(It)Tj
0.8617 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8448 0 Td
(increasingly)Tj
5.0343 0 Td
(being)Tj
2.4321 0 Td
(reported)Tj
3.6566 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(literature)Tj
-32.36 -1.2983 Td
(that)Tj
1.7744 0 Td
(3D)Tj
1.4343 0 Td
(facial)Tj
2.3131 0 Td
(scanners)Tj
3.6907 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1508 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.058 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(oral)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(clinic,)Tj
2.6192 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9955 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(3D)Tj
1.4343 0 Td
(facial)Tj
2.3131 0 Td
(models)Tj
3.1067 0 Td
(acquired)Tj
3.702 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(scan-)Tj
-34.6844 -1.2983 Td
(ners)Tj
1.9218 0 Td
(being)Tj
2.4321 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.058 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3889 0 Td
(3D)Tj
1.4344 0 Td
(quantitative)Tj
4.9776 0 Td
(diagnostic)Tj
4.3199 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(treatment)Tj
4.1328 0 Td
(evaluation)Tj
4.3654 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(4)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(5)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(6)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(7)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(8)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(9)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(10)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
6.2815 0 Td
(The)Tj
-35.0416 -1.3039 Td
(accuracy)Tj
3.7133 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(facial)Tj
2.3074 0 Td
(scanners)Tj
3.6963 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(oral)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(maxillofacial)Tj
5.3008 0 Td
(clinical)Tj
3.0727 0 Td
(practice)Tj
3.3789 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(major)Tj
2.6079 0 Td
(focus)Tj
2.3301 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0147 0 Td
(current)Tj
-34.4803 -1.2982 Td
(research)Tj
3.5546 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(11)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(12)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(13)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
-2.3584 -1.2983 Td
(In)Tj
1.1111 0 Td
(general,)Tj
3.3562 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6577 0 Td
(scanner)Tj
3.3278 0 Td
(has)Tj
1.542 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6577 0 Td
(nominal)Tj
3.5886 0 Td
(accuracy)Tj
3.7134 0 Td
(\(NA\))Tj
2.3187 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(obtained)Tj
3.736 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(measuring)Tj
4.439 0 Td
(standard)Tj
-33.4485 -1.3039 Td
(geometry)Tj
3.9798 0 Td
(entities)Tj
3.1124 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9467 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(factory;)Tj
3.2202 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(facial)Tj
2.3131 0 Td
(scanner)Tj
3.3335 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(no)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(exception.)Tj
4.32 0 Td
(However,)Tj
4.0762 0 Td
(several)Tj
2.9367 0 Td
(recent)Tj
2.7099 0 Td
(stud-)Tj
-35.1947 -1.2983 Td
(ies)Tj
1.2699 0 Td
(have)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(reported)Tj
3.6623 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(there)Tj
2.262 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4513 0 Td
(indeed)Tj
2.9367 0 Td
(differences)Tj
4.5638 0 Td
(between)Tj
3.5319 0 Td
(NA)Tj
1.6384 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(practical)Tj
3.6396 0 Td
(accuracy)Tj
-31.9915 -1.2983 Td
(\(PA\))Tj
2.1429 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(facial)Tj
2.3131 0 Td
(scanners,)Tj
3.9174 0 Td
(because)Tj
3.3165 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(scanned)Tj
3.4922 0 Td
(object)Tj
2.6306 0 Td
(\(a)Tj
0.9978 0 Td
(real)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(person's)Tj
3.5206 0 Td
(face\))Tj
2.1316 0 Td
(has)Tj
1.5421 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(more)Tj
2.3414 0 Td
(complex)Tj
-33.1764 -1.3039 Td
(shape)Tj
2.4831 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(texture)Tj
3.0274 0 Td
(than)Tj
2.0296 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(standard)Tj
3.7247 0 Td
(model)Tj
2.744 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(14)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(15)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
3.2541 0 Td
(In)Tj
1.1055 0 Td
(order)Tj
2.4208 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(determine)Tj
4.3257 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(level)Tj
2.0126 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(differences)Tj
-33.0177 -1.2982 Td
(between)Tj
3.5262 0 Td
(NA)Tj
1.6441 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(PA,)Tj
1.6895 0 Td
(past)Tj
1.8255 0 Td
(studies)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.0636 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(contact)Tj
3.1521 0 Td
(measurement)Tj
5.6693 0 Td
(method)Tj
3.3278 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(compare)Tj
3.7133 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(the)Tj
-35.0019 -1.2983 Td
(face)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(scanning)Tj
3.8154 0 Td
(method)Tj
3.3278 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(16)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(17)Tj
0 g
(]:)Tj
3.2542 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3867 0 Td
(Vernier)Tj
3.3222 0 Td
(caliper)Tj
2.9027 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(bevel)Tj
2.2734 0 Td
(protractor)Tj
4.3199 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(measure)Tj
3.5829 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(char-)Tj
-35.1947 -1.3039 Td
(acteristic)Tj
3.787 0 Td
(length)Tj
2.7269 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(angles)Tj
2.6986 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(real)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(people's)Tj
3.4299 0 Td
(faces,)Tj
2.3754 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(comparing)Tj
4.5751 0 Td
(these)Tj
2.2507 0 Td
(values)Tj
2.6702 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(corre-)Tj
-34.4123 -1.2983 Td
(sponding)Tj
3.9627 0 Td
(measurements)Tj
6.0321 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(3D)Tj
1.4287 0 Td
(facial)Tj
2.313 0 Td
(models)Tj
3.1068 0 Td
(acquired)Tj
3.702 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(facial)Tj
2.3131 0 Td
(scanner)Tj
3.3335 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(software.)Tj
3.8154 0 Td
(This)Tj
-33.4939 -1.2982 Td
(evaluation)Tj
4.3596 0 Td
(method)Tj
3.3222 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(contact)Tj
3.1521 0 Td
(measurement)Tj
5.6693 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(Reference)Tj
4.9492 0 Td
(\(or)Tj
1.44 0 Td
(Gold)Tj
2.2167 0 Td
(Standard\))Tj
4.1726 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7007 0 Td
(very)Tj
-35.8636 -1.2983 Td
(classical)Tj
3.4128 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(commonly)Tj
4.5411 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.0636 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(medical)Tj
3.3562 0 Td
(research)Tj
3.5603 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(18)Tj
0 g
(].)Tj
2.0749 0 Td
(However,)Tj
4.0762 0 Td
(it)Tj
0.788 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(difficult)Tj
3.3562 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(avoid)Tj
2.4094 0 Td
(the)Tj
-35.1323 -1.3039 Td
(touching)Tj
3.7813 0 Td
(deformation)Tj
5.2157 0 Td
(error)Tj
2.2621 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(facial)Tj
2.313 0 Td
(soft)Tj
1.6725 0 Td
(tissue)Tj
2.4604 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.389 0 Td
(real)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(persons.)Tj
3.5319 0 Td
(In)Tj
1.1112 0 Td
(addition,)Tj
3.8211 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(limited)Tj
3.0728 0 Td
(num-)Tj
-34.8092 -1.2983 Td
(ber)Tj
1.5193 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(characteristic)Tj
5.5445 0 Td
(lengths)Tj
3.0898 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(angles)Tj
2.6986 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(traditional)Tj
4.4221 0 Td
(methods)Tj
3.685 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.627 0 Td
(only)Tj
1.9729 0 Td
(represent)Tj
3.9572 0 Td
(part)Tj
1.8425 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
-35.155 -1.2983 Td
(face)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(featureto)Tj
4.7168 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(best)Tj
1.8142 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(our)Tj
1.6214 0 Td
(knowledge,)Tj
4.7678 0 Td
(evaluation)Tj
4.3653 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(3D)Tj
1.4286 0 Td
(global)Tj
2.6249 0 Td
(accuracy)Tj
3.7134 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(whole)Tj
2.6078 0 Td
(facial)Tj
-35.4271 -1.3039 Td
(scanning)Tj
3.8153 0 Td
(data)Tj
1.9163 0 Td
(has)Tj
1.542 0 Td
(not)Tj
1.5704 0 Td
(been)Tj
2.1259 0 Td
(reported.)Tj
-9.7737 -1.2982 Td
(Moreover,)Tj
4.3936 0 Td
(it)Tj
0.7824 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(obvious)Tj
3.3505 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
(oral)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
(clinical)Tj
3.0727 0 Td
(patients)Tj
3.3619 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(facial)Tj
2.3074 0 Td
(deformities)Tj
4.7735 0 Td
(\(such)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(jaw)Tj
1.5874 0 Td
(defects,)Tj
-34.6221 -1.2983 Td
(edentulous)Tj
4.609 0 Td
(jaw,)Tj
1.8199 0 Td
(malocclusion,)Tj
5.7599 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(open)Tj
2.2166 0 Td
(bite\))Tj
2.0523 0 Td
(further)Tj
3.0331 0 Td
(increase)Tj
3.4695 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(difficulty)Tj
3.8097 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(data)Tj
1.9162 0 Td
(acquisition,)Tj
-32.8986 -1.3039 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(more)Tj
2.3414 0 Td
(complex)Tj
3.6226 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(facial)Tj
2.313 0 Td
(deformity,)Tj
4.405 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(lower)Tj
2.4491 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(accuracy)Tj
3.7077 0 Td
(becomes.)Tj
3.9118 0 Td
(However,)Tj
4.0762 0 Td
(few)Tj
1.6157 0 Td
(studies)Tj
-34.3216 -1.2983 Td
(have)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(reported)Tj
3.6623 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(PA)Tj
1.4626 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(facial)Tj
2.3131 0 Td
(scanners)Tj
3.6907 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3889 0 Td
(facial)Tj
2.3131 0 Td
(deformity)Tj
4.1726 0 Td
(patients.)Tj
-0.007 Tc
-22.3482 -1.2983 Td
(This)Tj
1.9785 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3754 0 Td
(evaluated)Tj
3.9628 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.457 0 Td
(PA)Tj
1.457 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0092 0 Td
(optical)Tj
2.8913 0 Td
(facial)Tj
2.296 0 Td
(scanners)Tj
3.6681 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3776 0 Td
(facial)Tj
2.296 0 Td
(deformity)Tj
4.1499 0 Td
(patients)Tj
3.3449 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(oral)Tj
-34.486 -1.2982 Td
(clinic.)Tj
2.5965 0 Td
(Two)Tj
2.0182 0 Td
(typical)Tj
2.8403 0 Td
(kinds)Tj
2.4038 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0091 0 Td
(facial)Tj
2.296 0 Td
(scanning)Tj
3.7928 0 Td
(technologiesЪStructured)Tj
10.7035 0 Td
(light)Tj
2.3981 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(19)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(20)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(21)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(22)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(23)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(24)Tj
0 g
(])Tj
-30.0583 -1.3039 Td
(and)Tj
1.7177 0 Td
(Stereophotograph)Tj
7.5175 0 Td
(y)Tj
1.0601 0 Td
([)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(25)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(26)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(27)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(28)Tj
0 g
(,)Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(29)Tj
0 g
(]were)Tj
9.3203 0 Td
(included)Tj
3.685 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0204 0 Td
(evaluate)Tj
3.4413 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7178 0 Td
(compare)Tj
3.6963 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9843 0 Td
(each)Tj
-35.1607 -1.2983 Td
(other.)Tj
2.5511 0 Td
(A)Tj
0.9014 0 Td
(Line-laser)Tj
4.9323 0 Td
(industrial)Tj
4.0421 0 Td
(scanner)Tj
3.3109 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9842 0 Td
(high)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(accuracy)Tj
3.685 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6895 0 Td
(adopted)Tj
3.4355 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0092 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4626 0 Td
(Reference,)Tj
-30.9994 -1.2983 Td
(instead)Tj
3.0557 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0091 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4627 0 Td
(traditional)Tj
4.388 0 Td
(contact)Tj
3.1294 0 Td
(measurement.)Tj
5.862 0 Td
(Calculation)Tj
4.7792 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0091 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4627 0 Td
(3D)Tj
1.4286 0 Td
(global)Tj
2.6022 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7235 0 Td
(partial)Tj
2.7666 0 Td
(accu-)Tj
-34.6788 -1.3039 Td
(racy)Tj
1.8878 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0091 0 Td
(facial)Tj
2.2961 0 Td
(scan)Tj
1.9729 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(achieved)Tj
3.6737 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3697 0 Td
(3D)Tj
1.8198 0 Td
(error)Tj
2.6363 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0091 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(new)Tj
1.8652 0 Td
(measurement)Tj
5.6409 0 Td
(indicator.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 273.9968 cm
BT
/F2 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(Materials)Tj
4.5071 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.989 0 Td
(Methods)Tj
/F0 1 Tf
-6.4961 -1.4976 Td
(1)Tj
0.7653 0 Td
(Experimental)Tj
5.9906 0 Td
(instrument)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 239.0173 cm
BT
/F6 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(A)Tj
0.9014 0 Td
(variety)Tj
2.9253 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(facial)Tj
2.3131 0 Td
(scanners)Tj
3.6906 0 Td
(are)Tj
1.4514 0 Td
(being)Tj
2.4264 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.0636 0 Td
(commercially)Tj
5.6523 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(laboratory.)Tj
4.5751 0 Td
(However,)Tj
4.0762 0 Td
(their)Tj
-35.3308 -1.3039 Td
(operating)Tj
4.0535 0 Td
(principle)Tj
3.7984 0 Td
(mainly)Tj
2.9933 0 Td
(includes)Tj
3.5433 0 Td
(Structured)Tj
4.8586 0 Td
(light)Tj
2.4151 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(Stereophotograp)Tj
7.0412 0 Td
(hy,)Tj
1.8198 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6476 0 Td
(are)Tj
-34.8999 -1.2982 Td
(two)Tj
1.7064 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(typical)Tj
2.8573 0 Td
(non-contact)Tj
5.108 0 Td
(measurement)Tj
5.6693 0 Td
(technologies.)Tj
5.4481 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(FaceScan)Tj
3.9117 0 Td
(system)Tj
2.9367 0 Td
(\(Isravision,)Tj
-31.9065 -1.2983 Td
(Darmstadt,)Tj
4.7224 0 Td
(GER\))Tj
2.4662 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(structured)Tj
4.354 0 Td
(light)Tj
2.0239 0 Td
(scanner)Tj
3.3279 0 Td
(with)Tj
2.0012 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(0.2)Tj
1.3946 0 Td
(mm)Tj
1.8595 0 Td
(NA.)Tj
1.8652 0 Td
(It)Tj
0.8618 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.627 0 Td
(output)Tj
2.897 0 Td
(OBJ)Tj
1.8766 0 Td
(format)Tj
2.9366 0 Td
(\(a)Tj
-36.3682 -1.3039 Td
(kind)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(triangulation)Tj
5.4368 0 Td
(model)Tj
2.7439 0 Td
(format\))Tj
3.2769 0 Td
(3D)Tj
1.4286 0 Td
(face)Tj
1.7915 0 Td
(models)Tj
3.1067 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(real)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(color)Tj
2.2734 0 Td
(texture,)Tj
3.2542 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(approximately)Tj
-31.8045 -1.2983 Td
(40)Tj
1.1678 0 Td
(thousand)Tj
3.9515 0 Td
(triangles.)Tj
3.8608 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(3dMD)Tj
2.8516 0 Td
(Face)Tj
2.0296 0 Td
(system)Tj
2.9367 0 Td
(\(3dMD,)Tj
3.4185 0 Td
(Atlanta,)Tj
3.3902 0 Td
(USA\),)Tj
2.6816 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6475 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(based)Tj
2.4718 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(ste-)Tj
-35.3194 -1.2982 Td
(reophotography)Tj
6.65 0 Td
(technology,)Tj
4.8472 0 Td
(has)Tj
1.542 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2019 0 Td
(NA)Tj
1.6384 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(0.2)Tj
1.4003 0 Td
(mm.)Tj
2.0807 0 Td
(It)Tj
0.8617 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(output)Tj
2.8913 0 Td
(WRL)Tj
2.3471 0 Td
(format)Tj
2.9366 0 Td
(\(another)Tj
3.6737 0 Td
(kind)Tj
-34.7128 -1.2983 Td
(of)Tj
1.0147 0 Td
(triangulation)Tj
5.4312 0 Td
(model)Tj
2.7439 0 Td
(format\))Tj
3.2768 0 Td
(3D)Tj
1.4344 0 Td
(face)Tj
1.7914 0 Td
(models)Tj
3.1011 0 Td
(with)Tj
2.0013 0 Td
(real)Tj
1.6951 0 Td
(color)Tj
2.2734 0 Td
(texture,)Tj
3.2541 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(approximately)Tj
-29.7465 -1.3039 Td
(60)Tj
1.1678 0 Td
(thousand)Tj
3.9515 0 Td
(triangles.)Tj
3.8608 0 Td
(These)Tj
2.5681 0 Td
(two)Tj
1.7121 0 Td
(facial)Tj
2.3131 0 Td
(scanners)Tj
3.6907 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(our)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(experiment)Tj
4.7792 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(Test)Tj
-33.3692 -1.2983 Td
(systems.)Tj
1.1962 -1.2983 Td
(A)Tj
0.907 0 Td
(Line-laser)Tj
4.9663 0 Td
(industrial)Tj
4.0705 0 Td
(scanner)Tj
3.3279 0 Td
(\(Faro)Tj
2.4038 0 Td
(Edge)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(LLP,)Tj
2.0806 0 Td
(Faro,)Tj
2.2847 0 Td
(Florida,)Tj
3.3279 0 Td
(USA\))Tj
2.4548 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9955 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6577 0 Td
(scanning)Tj
-31.8782 -1.3039 Td
(principle)Tj
3.7984 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0147 0 Td
(triangulation)Tj
5.4369 0 Td
(theory)Tj
2.8006 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.6724 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3924 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(Reference)Tj
4.9492 0 Td
(system.)Tj
3.1635 0 Td
(A)Tj
0.907 0 Td
(Faro)Tj
2.058 0 Td
(scan-)Tj
-35.4725 -1.2982 Td
(ner)Tj
1.5647 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(flexible)Tj
3.0898 0 Td
(three-coordinate)Tj
6.9222 0 Td
(measuring)Tj
4.439 0 Td
(arm)Tj
1.8425 0 Td
(with)Tj
2.0012 0 Td
(0.059)Tj
2.3471 0 Td
(mm)Tj
1.8595 0 Td
(NA)Tj
1.6384 0 Td
(\(based)Tj
2.812 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(annual)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
576 737.1 m
36 737.1 l
36 737.6 l
576 737.6 l
f*
36 741.2598 107.1496 23.6976 re
W* n
q
107.0929 0 0 23.6409 36 741.3165 cm
q
/I0 Do
Q
Q
Q
q
0 0 612 792 re
W* n
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 425.9905 745.7952 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(Facial)Tj
2.8346 0 Td
(Scan)Tj
2.4662 0 Td
(Accuracy)Tj
4.2662 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3677 0 Td
(Facial)Tj
2.8417 0 Td
(Deformities)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
36 48.0002 m
576 48.0002 l
576 47.5002 l
36 47.5002 l
f*
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 36 36 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(PLOS)Tj
2.8559 0 Td
(ONE)Tj
2.3669 0 Td
(|)Tj
0.4748 0 Td
(DOI:10.137)Tj
5.0387 0 Td
(1/journal.po)Tj
5.1236 0 Td
(ne.0169)Tj
3.5434 0 Td
(402)Tj
2.6362 0 Td
(January)Tj
3.7134 0 Td
(5,)Tj
1.0417 0 Td
(2017)Tj
38.346 0 Td
(2)Tj
0.7654 0 Td
(/)Tj
0.496 0 Td
(13)Tj
/F7 1 Tf
-0.025 Tc
-66.402 84.0904 Td
(Competing)Tj
4.3795 0 Td
(Interests)Tj
3.3307 0 Td
(:)Tj
/F8 1 Tf
0.4819 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.5875 0 Td
(authors)Tj
3.0401 0 Td
(have)Tj
1.963 0 Td
(declared)Tj
-14.7827 -1.3748 Td
(that)Tj
1.6228 0 Td
(no)Tj
1.1693 0 Td
(competing)Tj
4.1599 0 Td
(interests)Tj
ET
endstream
endobj
41 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
42 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
43 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
44 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
45 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
46 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
47 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
48 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
49 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
50 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
51 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
52 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
53 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
54 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
55 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
56 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
57 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
58 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
59 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
60 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
61 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
62 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
63 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
64 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
65 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
66 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
67 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
68 0 obj
<>stream
BT
10.3394 82.7156 Td
(exist.)Tj
ET
Q
endstream
endobj
69 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 11 0 R/Annots 70 0 R/Contents 71 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
70 0 obj
[72 0 R 73 0 R]
endobj
72 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0169402.g001)>>
endobj
73 0 obj
<>/Border[0 0 0]/Dest(Rpone.0169402.g001)>>
endobj
71 0 obj
[74 0 R 75 0 R 76 0 R 77 0 R 78 0 R]
endobj
74 0 obj
<>stream
q
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
261.978 389.8772 m
288.3402 389.8772 l
h
f*
284.4283 138.3874 m
309.8268 138.3874 l
h
f*
0 g
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 707.4141 cm
BT
/F6 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(calibration)Tj
4.524 0 Td
(certificate)Tj
4.1386 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(Faro's)Tj
2.6362 0 Td
(testing)Tj
2.88 0 Td
(center,)Tj
2.9367 0 Td
(Shanghai,)Tj
4.1215 0 Td
(China\),)Tj
3.2258 0 Td
(which)Tj
2.6532 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8448 0 Td
(much)Tj
2.5228 0 Td
(higher)Tj
2.8006 0 Td
(than)Tj
-35.4895 -1.3039 Td
(facial)Tj
2.313 0 Td
(scanners.)Tj
3.9175 0 Td
(Its)Tj
1.2189 0 Td
(security)Tj
3.3448 0 Td
(Class)Tj
2.2847 0 Td
(II)Tj
0.9014 0 Td
(laser)Tj
2.058 0 Td
(can)Tj
1.6214 0 Td
(sweep)Tj
2.6305 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(skin)Tj
1.8935 0 Td
(surface)Tj
3.05 0 Td
(continuously)Tj
5.4369 0 Td
(under)Tj
2.6192 0 Td
(the)Tj
-34.7582 -1.2982 Td
(control)Tj
3.118 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(operator)Tj
3.6454 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(obtain)Tj
2.7779 0 Td
(feature)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
(data)Tj
1.9162 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(surface)Tj
3.0501 0 Td
(at)Tj
0.9524 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(same)Tj
2.2563 0 Td
(time.)Tj
2.2564 0 Td
(Seven)Tj
2.5455 0 Td
(degrees)Tj
-33.681 -1.2983 Td
(of)Tj
1.0147 0 Td
(freedom)Tj
3.5773 0 Td
(makes)Tj
2.7553 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(face)Tj
1.7915 0 Td
(scanning)Tj
3.8154 0 Td
(process)Tj
3.1862 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2018 0 Td
(easy)Tj
1.8936 0 Td
(process)Tj
3.1861 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(completed)Tj
4.405 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0374 0 Td
(less)Tj
1.6101 0 Td
(than)Tj
2.0296 0 Td
(half)Tj
-35.5972 -1.2983 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(minute.)Tj
3.3335 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7802 0 Td
(3D)Tj
1.4343 0 Td
(face)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(model)Tj
2.7439 0 Td
(acquired)Tj
3.7021 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(Faro)Tj
2.0636 0 Td
(scanner)Tj
3.3278 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8504 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(point)Tj
2.3584 0 Td
(cloud)Tj
2.4548 0 Td
(model)Tj
2.7439 0 Td
(\(with)Tj
2.3357 0 Td
(one)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(face)Tj
-35.0983 -1.3039 Td
(having)Tj
2.9139 0 Td
(approximately)Tj
5.9754 0 Td
(100)Tj
1.6498 0 Td
(thousand)Tj
3.9515 0 Td
(points)Tj
2.7212 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(no)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(texture\),)Tj
3.5943 0 Td
(using)Tj
2.3867 0 Td
(reverse)Tj
3.0501 0 Td
(engineering)Tj
4.9719 0 Td
(soft-)Tj
-34.486 -1.2982 Td
(ware)Tj
2.1316 0 Td
(\(Geomagic)Tj
4.6148 0 Td
(Studio)Tj
2.8233 0 Td
(2012,)Tj
2.347 0 Td
(3D)Tj
1.4343 0 Td
(System,)Tj
3.2769 0 Td
(South)Tj
2.5568 0 Td
(Carolina,)Tj
3.9175 0 Td
(USA\))Tj
2.4548 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(do)Tj
1.2529 0 Td
(post-processing)Tj
-27.836 -1.2983 Td
(converting)Tj
4.524 0 Td
(point)Tj
2.3584 0 Td
(cloud)Tj
2.4548 0 Td
(model)Tj
2.7439 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(triangulation)Tj
5.4311 0 Td
(model,)Tj
2.9707 0 Td
(joining)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(regional)Tj
3.4866 0 Td
(images)Tj
2.9877 0 Td
(together,)Tj
3.7587 0 Td
(elimi-)Tj
-34.8205 -1.3039 Td
(nating)Tj
2.7779 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(influence)Tj
3.9174 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(human)Tj
3.0728 0 Td
(mobility,)Tj
3.8154 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(saving)Tj
2.7496 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(standard)Tj
3.7247 0 Td
(triangulation)Tj
5.4311 0 Td
(language)Tj
3.7644 0 Td
(\(STL\))Tj
-34.5087 -1.2983 Td
(format)Tj
2.9366 0 Td
(\(a)Tj
0.9921 0 Td
(general)Tj
3.1351 0 Td
(3D)Tj
1.4287 0 Td
(model)Tj
2.7439 0 Td
(format\).)Tj
3.5036 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(final)Tj
2.0013 0 Td
(face)Tj
1.7915 0 Td
(model)Tj
2.7439 0 Td
(comprises)Tj
4.2689 0 Td
(approximately)Tj
5.9754 0 Td
(200)Tj
1.6498 0 Td
(thou-)Tj
-34.9566 -1.2983 Td
(sand)Tj
2.0919 0 Td
(triangles.)Tj
3.8608 0 Td
(Because)Tj
3.3902 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(NA)Tj
1.6441 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(Faro)Tj
2.058 0 Td
(scanner)Tj
3.3335 0 Td
(is)Tj
0.8447 0 Td
(much)Tj
2.5228 0 Td
(higher)Tj
2.8007 0 Td
(than)Tj
2.0295 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7745 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(our)Tj
1.6271 0 Td
(two)Tj
1.7121 0 Td
(test)Tj
-34.6561 -1.3039 Td
(scanners,)Tj
3.9174 0 Td
(it)Tj
0.7824 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.7007 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.058 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(reference)Tj
3.9118 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(evaluate)Tj
3.4639 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(other)Tj
2.3471 0 Td
(scanners.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 537.959 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(2)Tj
0.7653 0 Td
(Face)Tj
2.4237 0 Td
(model)Tj
2.9102 0 Td
(acquisition)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 520.9511 cm
BT
/F6 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(Ten)Tj
1.8028 0 Td
(patients)Tj
3.3675 0 Td
(with)Tj
1.9956 0 Td
(different)Tj
3.6567 0 Td
(types)Tj
2.2733 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(facial)Tj
2.3131 0 Td
(deformities,)Tj
5.0003 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2053 0 Td
(tumor)Tj
2.7439 0 Td
(surgery,)Tj
3.4243 0 Td
(orthognathic)Tj
5.3914 0 Td
(sur-)Tj
-35.189 -1.3039 Td
(gery,)Tj
2.1599 0 Td
(orthodontics,)Tj
5.5899 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(prosthodontics)Tj
6.2419 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(Peking)Tj
2.9763 0 Td
(University)Tj
4.405 0 Td
(School)Tj
2.9084 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(Hospital)Tj
3.617 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(Stomatol-)Tj
-33.4089 -1.2982 Td
(ogy)Tj
1.644 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(selected)Tj
3.3449 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3889 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.6725 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3867 0 Td
(during)Tj
2.931 0 Td
(2013.72015.7.)Tj
6.1682 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(types)Tj
2.2791 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(facial)Tj
2.313 0 Td
(deformity)Tj
4.1783 0 Td
(included)Tj
-33.2275 -1.2983 Td
(maxillary)Tj
3.9571 0 Td
(deficiency,)Tj
4.49 0 Td
(mandibular)Tj
4.9039 0 Td
(excess,)Tj
2.9027 0 Td
(open)Tj
2.2167 0 Td
(bite,)Tj
1.9445 0 Td
(tumor)Tj
2.744 0 Td
(resection,)Tj
4.0648 0 Td
(maxillary)Tj
3.9628 0 Td
(malocclusion,)Tj
-31.1865 -1.3039 Td
(mandibular)Tj
4.8982 0 Td
(malocclusion,)Tj
5.7543 0 Td
(edentulous)Tj
4.6034 0 Td
(jaw,)Tj
1.8198 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7235 0 Td
(jaw)Tj
1.5931 0 Td
(defect.)Tj
2.8233 0 Td
(All)Tj
1.3946 0 Td
(patients)Tj
3.3619 0 Td
(have)Tj
2.0579 0 Td
(provided)Tj
3.8097 0 Td
(informed)Tj
-33.8397 -1.2983 Td
(consent)Tj
3.3278 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(individual)Tj
4.286 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0375 0 Td
(this)Tj
1.6724 0 Td
(manuscript)Tj
4.7905 0 Td
(has)Tj
1.5421 0 Td
(given)Tj
2.3754 0 Td
(written)Tj
3.1124 0 Td
(informed)Tj
3.9741 0 Td
(consent)Tj
3.3279 0 Td
(\(as)Tj
1.3549 0 Td
(outlined)Tj
-34.0041 -1.2982 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(PLOS)Tj
2.5398 0 Td
(consent)Tj
3.3335 0 Td
(form\))Tj
2.5455 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(publish)Tj
3.1748 0 Td
(these)Tj
2.2507 0 Td
(case)Tj
1.8652 0 Td
(details.)Tj
-16.5712 -1.2983 Td
(For)Tj
1.627 0 Td
(each)Tj
2.0296 0 Td
(patient,)Tj
3.2315 0 Td
(three)Tj
2.2677 0 Td
(face)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(scanning)Tj
3.8154 0 Td
(operations)Tj
4.4561 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1259 0 Td
(carried)Tj
3.0388 0 Td
(out,)Tj
1.7744 0 Td
(one)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(each)Tj
2.0296 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(refer-)Tj
-34.9509 -1.3039 Td
(ence)Tj
2.0352 0 Td
(scanner)Tj
3.3335 0 Td
(\(Faro\))Tj
2.7383 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(two)Tj
1.7065 0 Td
(test)Tj
1.6044 0 Td
(scanners)Tj
3.6906 0 Td
(\(3dMD)Tj
3.1918 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(FaceScan\))Tj
4.2519 0 Td
(in)Tj
1.0318 0 Td
(one)Tj
1.7008 0 Td
(day.)Tj
1.8652 0 Td
(A)Tj
0.9014 0 Td
(reference)Tj
-32.9837 -1.2983 Td
(3D)Tj
1.4286 0 Td
(face)Tj
1.7915 0 Td
(model)Tj
2.7439 0 Td
(\(Face_R\))Tj
3.8268 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(two)Tj
1.7121 0 Td
(test)Tj
1.5987 0 Td
(models)Tj
3.1068 0 Td
(\(Face_A)Tj
3.5489 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(Face_B,)Tj
3.3278 0 Td
(A:)Tj
1.1339 0 Td
(3dMD,)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(B:)Tj
1.0204 0 Td
(FaceScan\))Tj
-31.7761 -1.2983 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(obtained)Tj
3.736 0 Td
(\()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(Fig)Tj
1.8198 0 Td
(1A)Tj
0 g
(\).)Tj
1.9446 0 Td
(In)Tj
1.1055 0 Td
(order)Tj
2.4208 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(ensure)Tj
2.8743 0 Td
(that)Tj
1.7801 0 Td
(each)Tj
2.0296 0 Td
(patient)Tj
3.0047 0 Td
(maintained)Tj
4.7906 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(same)Tj
2.262 0 Td
(expression)Tj
-32.3827 -1.3039 Td
(for)Tj
1.3832 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4741 0 Td
(three)Tj
2.262 0 Td
(scanning)Tj
3.8154 0 Td
(processes,)Tj
4.1952 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(following)Tj
3.9798 0 Td
(measures)Tj
3.9401 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(adopted:)Tj
3.6794 0 Td
(every)Tj
2.347 0 Td
(patient)Tj
3.0104 0 Td
(was)Tj
-33.681 -1.2982 Td
(strictly)Tj
2.9366 0 Td
(controlled)Tj
4.32 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1849 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(same)Tj
2.2564 0 Td
(researcher)Tj
4.354 0 Td
(throughout)Tj
4.7791 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(entire)Tj
2.5511 0 Td
(scanning)Tj
3.8155 0 Td
(process)Tj
3.1861 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(maintain)Tj
-33.3465 -1.2983 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(sitting)Tj
2.7269 0 Td
(position,)Tj
3.7191 0 Td
(stable)Tj
2.4888 0 Td
(support)Tj
3.3221 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3833 0 Td
(head)Tj
2.1317 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(neck,)Tj
2.3357 0 Td
(natural)Tj
3.0784 0 Td
(head)Tj
2.1317 0 Td
(position)Tj
3.4979 0 Td
(\(NHP\),)Tj
3.1861 0 Td
(intercuspal)Tj
-32.3884 -1.3039 Td
(position)Tj
3.4922 0 Td
(\(ICP,)Tj
2.3471 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6519 0 Td
(stable)Tj
2.4945 0 Td
(mandibular)Tj
4.8983 0 Td
(position\),)Tj
4.0591 0 Td
(eyes)Tj
1.8822 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(lips)Tj
1.6101 0 Td
(closing)Tj
3.0387 0 Td
(naturally,)Tj
4.0082 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(relaxed)Tj
-31.9462 -1.2983 Td
(body.)Tj
2.4377 0 Td
(The)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(eyes)Tj
1.8822 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(closed)Tj
2.7099 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(reduce)Tj
2.9196 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4684 0 Td
(impact)Tj
2.9763 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(light)Tj
2.0296 0 Td
(projecting)Tj
4.2973 0 Td
(from)Tj
2.2054 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(scanners)Tj
3.6907 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(the)Tj
-35.3081 -1.2982 Td
(patient's)Tj
3.5829 0 Td
(expression.)Tj
4.6885 0 Td
(All)Tj
1.4003 0 Td
(10)Tj
1.1679 0 Td
(patients)Tj
3.3675 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.126 0 Td
(scanned)Tj
3.4866 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(30)Tj
1.1679 0 Td
(face)Tj
1.7914 0 Td
(models)Tj
3.1068 0 Td
(acquired.)Tj
3.9231 0 Td
(This)Tj
1.9899 0 Td
(study)Tj
2.3868 0 Td
(was)Tj
-35.9147 -1.304 Td
(approved)Tj
3.9741 0 Td
(by)Tj
1.1792 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(IRB)Tj
1.7632 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(Peking)Tj
2.982 0 Td
(University)Tj
4.3993 0 Td
(School)Tj
2.9084 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(Hospital)Tj
3.617 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(Stomatology)Tj
5.2327 0 Td
(\(PKUSSIRB-)Tj
-31.2829 -1.2982 Td
(2012046\))Tj
3.8891 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(all)Tj
1.1452 0 Td
(participants)Tj
4.9606 0 Td
(signed)Tj
2.8119 0 Td
(an)Tj
1.2019 0 Td
(informed)Tj
3.9742 0 Td
(consent)Tj
3.3278 0 Td
(agreement.)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 260.4472 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(3)Tj
0.7653 0 Td
(Registration)Tj
5.4898 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0441 0 Td
(face)Tj
2.0929 0 Td
(models)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 243.4393 cm
BT
/F6 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(For)Tj
1.627 0 Td
(each)Tj
2.024 0 Td
(patient's)Tj
3.5829 0 Td
(three)Tj
2.2677 0 Td
(face)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(models,)Tj
3.3336 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(Registration)Tj
5.8677 0 Td
(function)Tj
3.6283 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(3D)Tj
1.4344 0 Td
(evaluation)Tj
4.3596 0 Td
(software)Tj
-33.8624 -1.2982 Td
(\(Geomagic)Tj
4.6147 0 Td
(Qualify)Tj
3.1861 0 Td
(2012,)Tj
2.3471 0 Td
(3D)Tj
1.4287 0 Td
(System,)Tj
3.2825 0 Td
(South)Tj
2.5511 0 Td
(Carolina,)Tj
3.9175 0 Td
(USA\))Tj
2.4604 0 Td
(was)Tj
1.6952 0 Td
(used)Tj
2.0636 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0204 0 Td
(superimpose)Tj
5.3178 0 Td
(datasets)Tj
-33.8851 -1.2983 Td
(in)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4627 0 Td
(following)Tj
3.9741 0 Td
(steps:)Tj
2.3981 0 Td
(\(1\))Tj
1.3663 0 Td
(Set)Tj
1.4116 0 Td
(Face_R)Tj
3.1351 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0092 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6463 0 Td
(fixed)Tj
2.1826 0 Td
(model)Tj
2.7383 0 Td
(\(the)Tj
1.8028 0 Td
(position)Tj
3.4809 0 Td
(should)Tj
2.914 0 Td
(not)Tj
1.5647 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1395 0 Td
(changed)Tj
3.566 0 Td
(dur-)Tj
-35.8183 -1.2982 Td
(ing)Tj
1.5023 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(registration)Tj
4.8302 0 Td
(process\);)Tj
3.7531 0 Td
(\(2\))Tj
1.372 0 Td
(Set)Tj
1.4173 0 Td
(Face_A)Tj
3.2088 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.6576 0 Td
(floating)Tj
3.2712 0 Td
(model)Tj
2.7439 0 Td
(\(the)Tj
1.8141 0 Td
(position)Tj
3.4923 0 Td
(could)Tj
2.4491 0 Td
(be)Tj
1.1509 0 Td
(changed)Tj
-34.1459 -1.304 Td
(during)Tj
2.9253 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(registration)Tj
4.8359 0 Td
(process\);)Tj
3.7474 0 Td
(\(3\))Tj
1.3776 0 Td
(Appoint)Tj
3.5603 0 Td
(nine)Tj
2.0069 0 Td
(corresponding)Tj
6.0604 0 Td
(landmarks)Tj
4.4561 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2756 0 Td
(fixed)Tj
2.194 0 Td
(and)Tj
-33.9078 -1.2982 Td
(floating)Tj
3.2711 0 Td
(model)Tj
2.7439 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0262 0 Td
(primarily)Tj
3.9684 0 Td
(align)Tj
2.1827 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(floating)Tj
3.2769 0 Td
(model)Tj
2.7439 0 Td
(overlapping)Tj
4.9719 0 Td
(Face_R;)Tj
3.3732 0 Td
(\(4\))Tj
1.372 0 Td
(Use)Tj
1.7405 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(iterative)Tj
-33.613 -1.2983 Td
(closest)Tj
2.8402 0 Td
(point)Tj
2.3585 0 Td
(\(ICP\))Tj
2.4604 0 Td
(algorithm)Tj
4.1556 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(software)Tj
3.583 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0261 0 Td
(further)Tj
3.0274 0 Td
(adjust)Tj
2.6248 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(position)Tj
3.4923 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(floating)Tj
-32.0142 -1.3039 Td
(model)Tj
2.7439 0 Td
(automatically)Tj
5.6069 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7348 0 Td
(exactly)Tj
2.965 0 Td
(overlapping)Tj
4.9719 0 Td
(Face_R.)Tj
3.3732 0 Td
(\(5\))Tj
1.372 0 Td
(Set)Tj
1.4173 0 Td
(Face_B)Tj
3.1067 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(a)Tj
0.652 0 Td
(floating)Tj
3.2768 0 Td
(model,)Tj
2.9707 0 Td
(then)Tj
-35.206 -1.2983 Td
(repeat)Tj
2.6872 0 Td
(Steps)Tj
2.296 0 Td
(3)Tj
0.6973 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7292 0 Td
(4)Tj
0.6916 0 Td
(\()Tj
0.83 0.64 0.02 0 k
(Fig)Tj
1.8255 0 Td
(1B)Tj
0 g
(\).)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
11.9999 0 0 11.9999 200.0125 112.9889 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.0033 Tc
0 0 Td
(4)Tj
0.7653 0 Td
(Trim)Tj
2.2063 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.8662 0 Td
(division)Tj
3.5008 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0488 0 Td
(face)Tj
2.0882 0 Td
(models)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
10 0 0 10 200.0125 95.9811 cm
BT
/F6 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.004 Tc
0 0 Td
(In)Tj
1.1055 0 Td
(order)Tj
2.4207 0 Td
(to)Tj
1.0205 0 Td
(further)Tj
3.0274 0 Td
(reduce)Tj
2.914 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(influence)Tj
3.9175 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2699 0 Td
(3D)Tj
1.4343 0 Td
(accuracy)Tj
3.7077 0 Td
(analysis)Tj
3.3278 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0092 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.4683 0 Td
(noise)Tj
2.3244 0 Td
(data)Tj
1.9162 0 Td
(on)Tj
1.2699 0 Td
(face)Tj
1.7858 0 Td
(mod-)Tj
-35.3874 -1.2982 Td
(els)Tj
1.2472 0 Td
(\(such)Tj
2.4038 0 Td
(as)Tj
1.0147 0 Td
(hair,)Tj
2.0466 0 Td
(ear,)Tj
1.6725 0 Td
(and)Tj
1.7291 0 Td
(nostrils)Tj
3.1805 0 Td
(data\),)Tj
2.4774 0 Td
(the)Tj
1.474 0 Td
(three)Tj
2.2621 0 Td
(face)Tj
1.7914 0 Td
(models)Tj
3.1011 0 Td
(of)Tj
1.0148 0 Td
(each)Tj
2.0296 0 Td
(patient)Tj
3.0104 0 Td
(were)Tj
2.1203 0 Td
(trimmed)Tj
3.7474 0 Td
(in)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
576 737.1 m
36 737.1 l
36 737.6 l
576 737.6 l
f*
36 741.2598 107.1496 23.6976 re
W* n
q
107.0929 0 0 23.6409 36 741.3165 cm
q
/I0 Do
Q
Q
Q
q
0 0 612 792 re
W* n
1 j
1 J
0 w
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 425.9905 745.7952 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(Facial)Tj
2.8346 0 Td
(Scan)Tj
2.4662 0 Td
(Accuracy)Tj
4.2662 0 Td
(for)Tj
1.3677 0 Td
(Facial)Tj
2.8417 0 Td
(Deformities)Tj
ET
Q
q
1 j
1 J
0 w
36 48.0002 m
576 48.0002 l
576 47.5002 l
36 47.5002 l
f*
7.9999 0 0 7.9999 36 36 cm
BT
/F0 1 Tf
1 TL
-0.005 Tc
0 0 Td
(PLOS)Tj
2.8559 0 Td
(ONE)Tj
2.3669 0 Td
(|)Tj
0.4748 0 Td
(DOI:10.137)Tj
5.0387 0 Td
(1/journal.po)Tj
5.1236 0 Td
(ne.0169)Tj
3.5434 0 Td
(402)Tj
2.6362 0 Td
(January)Tj
3.7134 0 Td
(5,)Tj
1.0417 0 Td
(2017)Tj
38.346 0 Td
(3)Tj
0.7654 0 Td
(/)Tj
ET
endstream
endobj
75 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
76 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
77 0 obj
<>stream
endstream
endobj
78 0 obj
<>stream
BT
66.402 0 Td
(13)Tj
ET
Q
endstream
endobj
79 0 obj
<>/XObject<>>>/CropBox[0 0 612 792]/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 11 0 R/Annots 81 0 R/Contents 82 0 R/TrimBox[0 0 612 792]>>
endobj
80 0 obj
<>stream
JFIF C
$, !$4.763.22:ASF:=N>22HbINVX]^]8EfmeZlS[]Y C**Y;2;YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY "
} !1AQa"q2#BR$3br
%&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz
w !1AQaq"2B #3Rbr
$4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ? (
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(Ojp {_7H@ѣQVuƏGYP4~JTFԚAm,؞:-p:yDge`z f ߳^2i G {߳G'751@ ?M ~K{ ߳G'?58M {/'?4{߳^5҈\v=~?=?ٯ҈XOtoh @ f{g(XOtoh @ fe'Eǰ {߳G'?5m0\,{?'74{ okE1 ٫6^0/HA$\k}~:/oG+}WyxWQr pJ>JX\?(\?+:ƏOd;qYunëQE1Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@Q@
CY#k?oҐQE-`VlIăMkKṼyY,NI=v,ĒzHh)
14GsI؉S5 &jx-WiDU>(+^PlьQq؇e.R-+[)vTb
l5c`.+⍹M\V!+MhpM#E<*)b:&D_4Rw Jdd:)PxGZ:VCpyE;Io^iQE nëRue(!EPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEP_7HZk$t4ji{kD'My7uCjﵳ_*1gIm䓚u,
:իhi\i\X9INR*l!)BsRQJXm9K)1+TSA+ bC@ƑIqsր6ӻtC0})IN# i1HE12`t
h9ǎE\YDT
J*&č
{.Ei~:Xn&3hE[ Tv_v(HQE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE 5:VVH4s3M8}zcnLȼ`y